Design and Implementation of Multiplatform Indoor and Outdoor Tracking System

RFID berupaya mengatasi kekurangan GPS dalam persekitaran yang tertutup. Manakala, WSN mampu untuk memanjangkan jarak komunikasi antara dua nod sensor dan GSM boleh menyokong komunikasi WSN semasa gangguan rangkaian. Oleh itu, satu sistem baru platform pelbagai pengesanan dalaman dan luaran (ER2G) yang beroperasi pada frekuensi 2.4 GHz berdasarkan piawaian ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 diperkenalkan bagi mengatasi kekurangan setiap teknologi. Sistem ER2G dengan fungsi M2M menggunakan mod API untuk menghantar dan menerima data masa sebenar secara wayarles dan menyediakan pensuisan antara lokasi dalamanluaran dan platfom WSN-GSM. Semua ujikaji dijalankan dalam persekitaran sebenar sebagai POC dalam mencapai komunikasi M2M. Prestasi sistem ER2G dinilai dan dibandingkan dengan sistem RFID berdiri sendiri dan ERG, dan ianya didapati lebih cekap daripada dua sistem berkenaan. Sistem ER2G menyediakan perambatan isyarat LOS yang lebih baik daripada sistem RFID berdiri sendiri dengan 2.66 % dalaman dan 26.49 % luaran. Kadar pensuisan adalah 0.95 % dan 16.47 % lebih tinggi daripada sistem ERG dalam persekitaran dalaman dan luaran. Algoritma yang dicadangkan berdasarkan arahan permintaan AT menggunakan mod API berupaya menghantar dan menerima data dengan 10.11 % lebih cepat daripada mod AT. Purata masa pengumpulan tag bagi sistem ER2G untuk TTF dan RTF protokol adalah 14.29 % dan 7.14 % lebih tinggi daripada sistem RFID yang berdiri sendiri. Daya pemprosesan sistem RFID berdiri sendiri adalah 18.06 % lebih rendah daripada sistem ER2G untuk TTF, manakala 7.09 % lebih tinggi daripada sistem ER2G untuk RTF dalam persekitaran pelbagai hop dengan nisbah penghantaran 100 %. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RFID has the potential to address the inadequacy of GPS inside closed environment. While, WSN is capable to extend the communication range between two sensor nodes and GSM supports WSN during network disruptions. Therefore, a new multi-platform indoor and outdoor tracking (ER2G) system that operates at 2.4 GHz based on ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 standards is presented to overcome the disadvantages present in each technology. The ER2G system with M2M functionalities utilizes API mode to transmit and receive real time data wirelessly and provides switching between indoor-outdoor location and WSN-GSM platform. All tests are conducted in real environments as POC in achieving M2M communication. The performance of ER2G system is evaluated and compared with standalone RFID and ERG system, and it is found to be more efficient than both systems. The results indicate that the ER2G system provides better LOS signal propagation than the standalone RFID by 2.66 % indoor and 26.49 % outdoor. In addition, the switching rate between indoor and outdoor is faster than the ERG system by 0.95 % indoor and 16.47 % outdoor. The proposed algorithm based on AT command request using API mode is able to transmit and receive data by 10.11 % faster than the AT mode. The average tag collection times of ER2G system for TTF and RTF protocols are 14.29 % and 7.14 % respectively, which are higher than the standalone RFID. Furthermore, the average throughput of the standalone RFID is 18.06 % lower than ER2G system for TTF and 7.09 % higher than ER2G system for RTF in multi-hops environment with 100 % delivery ratio

A Comparative Study on Improvement of Image Compression Method using Hybrid DCT - DWT Techniques with Huffman Encoding for Wireless Sensor Network Application

Nowadays, the demands on the usage of wireless network are increasing rapidly from year to year. Wireless network is a large scale of area where many nodes are connecting to each other to communicate using a device. Primarily, wireless network also tend to be as a link to transmit and receive any multimedia such as image, sound, video, document and etc. In order to receive the transmitted media correctly, most type of media must be compressed before being transmitted and decompressed after being received by the device or else the device used must have the ability to read the media in a compressed way. In this paper, a hybrid compression of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with Huffman encoding technique are proposed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application. Data compression is very useful to remove the redundant data and reduce the size of image. After conducting a comprehensive observation, it is found that hybrid compression is suitable due to the process consist of the combination of multiple compression techniques which suits for Wireless Sensor Network’s application focusing on ZigBee platform

A comparative study on image compression method using stand-alone DWT techniques and hybrid of DWT with huffman coding technique for WSN application

The advent of wireless technologies nowadays gives high impact toward many users to communicate to each other. Wireless Sensor Net-work is a network of nodes which connect to each other by using a device. In addition, transmitting and receiving messages and files are common in most users. There are many platform of network which contributes the same aim that is communication purposes. A ZigBee network is known as one of a platform with its own Standard (IEEE 802.15.4). Unfortunately, ZigBee has a low data rate which limits the capacity of storage in transmitting data. Thus, a large multimedia such as image data are hard to transmit via ZigBee network. Therefore, image compression are necessary in transmission process due to the ability in reducing dimension size and removing redundant image data. In this paper, three method are observed which are stand-alone DWT, stand-alone Huffman, and Hybrid of DWT and Huffman Coding. After conducting a comprehensive observation, it is found that DWT technique are able to compress the image data with less time taken while Huffman technique are suitable in maintaining the quality of image but need a long time to process. Hence, hybrid of DWT with Huffman method are proposed to support each other in terms of compression, computing time and quality of image

Comparative Study on Performance of Discrete Wavelength Transform and Huffman Compression Technique on 2D Signal

Nowadays, the development of technology which involved multimedia data are widely used to help better understanding in spreading information. Image is known as 2D signal which contain huge data especially a high resolution image. In this paper shows the comparison of applying lossy and loss compression on the image data. Image compression is necessary in reducing the size of image for storage or transmission purpose to support most of the application nowadays. Besides, some technique also offers in simplifying the image data to process efficiently. DWT technique and Huffman coding technique are selected as the process of lossy and lossless compression, respectively. The performance of image compression are evaluated in terms of compression ratio, quality of image (MSE, PSNR and SSIM value) and computing time. Several type of evaluation can determine better technique to apply on specific type of application. After conducted a comprehensive observation, DWT technique can provide good performance of compression ratio and computing time as well as the quality of image. Basically, DWT technique only have slight loss of data during the process which the output image is still clear to see by naked eyes. In contrast, Huffman coding technique is lacked in both compression ratio and computing time. However, it helps in maintaining the quality of image without any losses of data. Therefore, certain technique of image compression can be used according to the specific goal of application which depends on the performance of image compression method